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Glossary

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K

Karl Fischer Reagent Method (ASTM D-1744-64)

The standard laboratory test to measure the water content of mineral base fluids. In this method, water reacts quantitatively with the Karl Fischer reagent. This reagent is a mixture of iodine, sulfur dioxide, pyridine, and methanol. When excess iodine exists, electric current can pass between two platinum electrodes or plates. The water in the sample reacts with the iodine. When the water is no longer free to react with iodine, an excess of iodine depolarizes the electrodes, signaling the end of the test.

Kerosene

a flammable hydrocarbon oil usually obtained by distillation of petroleum and used for a fuel and as a solvent and thinner

Kinematic viscosity

The time required for a fixed amount of an oil to flow through a capillary tube under the force of gravity. The unit of kinematic viscosity is the stoke or centistoke (1/100 of a stoke). Kinematic viscosity may be defined as the quotient of the absolute viscosity in centipoises divided by the specific gravity of a fluid, both at the same temperature: Centipoises / Specific Gravity = Centistokes

Knock

Premature explosion of a portion of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder of a spark-ignited internal combustion engine. This happens independent of spark plug ignition, as a result of excessive heat buildup during compression. The high local pressures resulting from the explosion are the source of the objectionable clatter or ping association with knock. Knock reduces efficiency and can be destructive to engine parts. High-octane gasolines resist knocking. Also called detonation.