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Glossary

Definitions:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Abbreviations       Organizations

O

Obliteration

A synergistic phenomenon of both particle silting and polar adhesion. When water and silt particles co-exist in a fluid containing long-chain molecules, the tendency for valves to undergo obliteration increases.

Octane Number

A term numerically indicating the relative antiknock value of a gasoline. For octane numbers 100 or below, it is based upon a comparison with the reference fuels isooctane (100 octane number) and n-heptane (0 octane number). The octane number of an unknown fuel is the percent by volume of isooctane with n-heptane which matches the unknown fuel in knocking tendencies under a specified set of conditions. Above 100, the octane number of a fuel is based on the engine rating, in terms of milliliters of tetraethyllead in isooctane which matches that of the unknown fuel.

Oil

A greasy, unctuous liquid of vegetable, animal, mineral or synthetic origin.

Oil Groove

One of the shallow grooves cut into the rubbing faces of a bearing shell to improve the distribution of oil over the shaft and bearings. The grooves are connected with an oil supply hole or cup and act like ducts in conveying the oil to the various parts of the bearings.

Oiliness

That property of a lubricant that produces low friction under conditions of boundary lubrication. The lower the friction, the greater the oiliness. See also lubricity.

Oiliness agent

An additive used to increase the lubricity of a lubricating oil and aid in preventing wear and scoring under conditions of boundary lubrication.

Oil mist lubrication

Type of centralized lubrication that employs compressed air to transform liquid oil into a mist that is then distributed at low pressure to multiple points of application. The oil mist is formed in a "generator", where compressed air is passed across an orifice, creating pressure reduction that causes oil to be drawn from a reservoir into the airstream. The resulting mist is distributed through feed lines to various application points. Here, it is reclassified, or condensed to a liquid, spray, or coarser mist by specialized fittings, depending on the lubrication requirements. Oils for use in a mist lubrication system are formulated with carefully selected base stocks and additives for maximum delivery of oil to the lubrication points and minimal coalescence of oil in the feed lines.

OLAP

Oil Labeling Assessment Program

ORI

Octane Requirements Increase - The tendency of gasoline engines to require higher octane fuels as combustion chamber deposits accumulate.

Oil ring

A loose ring, the inner surface of which rides a shaft or journal and dips into a reservoir of lubricant from which it carries the lubricant to the top of a bearing by its rotation with the shaft.

Open bubble point (boil point)

The differential gas pressure at which gas bubbles are profusely emitted from the entire surface of a wetted filter element under specified test conditions.

Overhead

The distillation fraction removed as vapor or liquid from the top of a distillation column.

Oxidation

Occurs when oxygen attacks petroleum fluids. The process is accelerated by heat, light, metal catalysts and the presence of water, acids, or solid contaminants. It leads to increased viscosity and deposit formation.

Oxidation inhibitor

Substance added in small quantities to a petroleum product to increase its oxidation resistance, thereby lengthening its service or storage life; also called anti-oxidant. An oxidation inhibitor may work in one of these ways: (1) by combining with and modifying peroxides (initial oxidation products) to render them harmless, (2) by decomposing the peroxides, or (3) by rendering an oxidation catalyst inert.

Oxidation stability

Ability of a lubricant to resist natural degradation upon contact with oxygen.